Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways

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TOC

Chapt 1 : HDS 1 Introduction

1.1 General
1.2 Waterway Studies
1.3 Bridge Backwater
1.4 Nature of Bridge Backwater
1.5 Types of Flow Encountered
1.6 Field Verification
1.7 Definition of Symbols
1.8 Definition of Terms
1.9 Conveyance
1.10 Bridge Opening Ratio
1.11 Kinetic Energy Coefficient

Chapt 2 : HDS 1 Computation of Backwater
2.1 Expression of Backwater
2.2 Backwater Coefficient
2.3 Effect of M and Abutment Shape (Base Curves)
2.4 Effect of Piers (Normal Crossings)
2.5 Effects of Piers (Skewed Crossings)
2.6 Effect of Eccentricity
2.7 Effect of Skew

Chapt 3 : HDS 1 Difference in Water Level across Approach Embankments
3.1 Significance
3.2 Base Curves
3.3 Effects of Piers
3.4 Effect of Eccentricity
3.5 Drop in Water Surface Across Embankment (Normal Crossing)
3.6 Water Surface on Downstream Side of Embankment (Skewed Crossing)

Chapt 4 : HDS 1 Configuration of Backwater
4.1 Distance to Point of Maximum Backwater
4.2 Normal Crossings
4.3 Eccentric Crossings
4.4 Skewed Crossings

Chapt 5 : HDS 1 Dual Bridges
5.1 Arrangement
5.2 Backwater Determination
5.3 Drop in Water Surface Across Embankments

Chapt 6 : HDS 1 Abnormal Stage-Discharge Condition
6.1 Definition
6.2 Backwater Determination
6.3 Backwater Expression
6.4 Drop in Water Surface Across Embankments

Chapt 7 : HDS 1 Effect of Scour on Backwater
7.1 General
7.2 Nature of Scour
7.3 Backwater Determination
7.4 Enlarged Waterways

Chapt 8 : HDS 1 Superstructure Partially Inundated
8.1 The Problem
8.2 Upstream Girder in Flow (Case I)
8.3 All Girders in Contact with Flow (Case II)
8.4 Safety of Bridge
8.5 Flow over Roadway
8.6 Nottoway River Bridge

Chapt 9 : HDS 1 Spur Dikes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Function and Geometry of Spur Dike
9.3 Length of Spur Dike
9.4 Other Considerations

Chapt 10 : HDS 1 Flow Passes Through Critical Depth (Type II)
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Backwater Coefficients
10.3 Recognition of Flow Type

Chapt 11 : HDS 1 Preliminary Field and Design Procedures
11.1 Evaluation of Flood Hazards
11.2 Site Study Outline
11.3 Hydrological Analysis Outline
11.4 Flood Magnitude and Frequency
11.5 Stage Discharge
11.6 Channel Roughness
11.7 Bridge Backwater Design Procedure

Chapt 12 : HDS 1 Illustrative Examples
12.1 Example 1: Normal Crossing
12.2 Example 2: Dual Bridges
12.3 Example 3: Skewed Crossing
12.4 Example 4: Eccentric Crossing
12.5 Example 5: Abnormal Stage-Discharge
12.6 Example 6: Backwater with Scour
12.7 Example 7: Upstream Bridge Girder in the Flow
12.8 Example 8: Superstructure Partially Inundated
12.9 Example 9: Flow Over Roadway Embankment
12.10 Example 10: Design of Spur Dike
12.11 Example 11: Bridge Backwater with Supercritical Flow

Chapt 13 : HDS 1 Discussion of Procedures and Limitations of Method
13.1 Review of Design Methods
13.2 Further Research Recommended

Appx A : HDS 1 Development of Expressions for Bridge Backwater
A.1 Type I Flow (Subcritical)
A.2 Type II Flow (Water Surface Passes Through Critical Depth)
A.3 Type III Flow (Supercritical)
Appx B: HDS 1 Basis of Revisions
B.1 Backwater Coefficient Base Curves
B.2 Distance to Maximum Backwater Curves
B.3 Velocity Head Correction Factor, a2
B.4 Dual Bridges