Technical Guidelines for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Treatment and Cleanup Activities

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Purpose
Applicability
References
Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms
USAGE Responsibilities
Safety

CHAPTER 2. IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF REMEDIAL ACTION/CORRECTIVE MEASURE ALTERNATIVES
Section I. Introduction
Three-Step Approach
Guidance
RI/FS Procedure

Section II. Determining the Nature and Extent of Contamination
Existing Site Conditions
Scoping
Site Characterization
Health and Safety Considerations
Data Base Requirements
Data Base Development
Community Relations During Site Characterization
Extent of Hazard

Section III. Establishment of Cleanup Criteria
Limits of Allowable Contamination Onsite and Offsite
Cleanup Standards
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements
Risk Assessment
Technological Limitations on Cleanup

Section IV. Alternative Development and Screening
Developing Options
Alternative Development Process
Alternative Screening Evaluation
Alternative Screening
Treatability Investigations

Section V. Detailed Analysis of Alternatives
Background
Overview of Evaluation Criteria
Discussion of Evaluation Factors
Presentation of Individual Analyses
Comparative Analysis of Alternatives
Presentation of Comparative Analysis
Post-RI/FS Selection of the Preferred Alternative
Community Relations During Detailed Analysis
Removal Activities
Time-Critical Removal Actions
Non-Time-Critical Removal Actions
Removal Action Process

CHAPTER 3. CONTROL AND CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Definition
Applicability
Techniques

Section I. Waste Collection and Removal
Drum Handling
Storage
Tank Cleaning and Demolition
Lagoon Management
Excavation of Landfills and Contaminated
Soils
Removal of Contaminated Sediments
Decontamination of Structures
Decontamination of Miscellaneous Media

Section II. Contaminated Ground-Water Plume Management
Ground-Water Pumping Systems
Wellpoint Systems

Extraction/Injection Well Systems
Subsurface Barriers
Slurry-trench Cutoff Walls
Grout Curtains
Sheet Pile Cutoff Walls
Membranes and Synthetic Sheet Curtains
Combination Barrier/Pump Systems
Subsurface Drains and Drainage Ditches

Section III. Surface Water Controls
Surface Water Diversion
Surface Grading
Surface Sealing
Revegetation

Section IV. Gas Control
Gas Generation and Migration
Passive Gas Control Systems
Active Control Systems

CHAPTER 4. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Applicability
Techniques

Section I. Treatment of Liquid Waste Streams
Definitions
Air Stripping
Biological Treatment
Carbon Adsorption
Chemical Oxidation
Resin Adsorption
Chemical Reduction
Precipitation
Flocculation and Sedimentation
Neutralization
Oil-Water Separation
Dissolved Air Flotation
Reverse Osmosis
Solidification/Stabilization
Ultrafiltration

Section II. Treatment of Sludges and Soils
Biological Treatment
Encapsulation
Low Temperature Thermal Desorption

Solidification/Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Volume Reduction
Wet Oxidation
Evaporation

Section III. In Situ Treatment Technologies
Biological Treatment
Chemical Oxidation
Permeable Treatment Beds
Soil Flushing
Vapor Extraction

CHAPTER V. DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES
Definition
Applicability
Techniques
Regulatory Constraints

Section I. Onsite Disposal
General
Landfills
Deep Well Injection

Section II. Offsite Disposal
General
Landfills
Deep Well Injection