Electrical Safety Operation & Maintenance

File : pdf, 2.2 MB, 225 pages TOC CHAPT 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 PURPOSE 1-2 SCOPE 1-2.1 Voltage Classification 1-2.2 Need 1-2.3 Familiarity and Requirements 1-2.4 Mishap Prevention 1-2.5 Mishap Causes 1-2.6 Unclear Conditions 1-2.7 Applicability 1-2.8 Work Type 1-2.9 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1-3 REFERENCES 1-4 CODES, STANDARDS, AND PUBLICATIONS 1-5 VARIANCES FROM NORMAL SAFETY PRACTICES 1-6 WARNINGS AND NOTES 1-7 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 1-7.1 Electrical Shock Dangers and Effects 1-7.2 Danger from Arcs and Blasts 1-7.3 Workplace Dangers 1-7.4 Health Hazards of Asbestos 1-8 MISHAP RESPONSE 1-9 COMMUNICATIONS CHAPT 2 WORKER/CREW RESPONSIBILITIES 2-1 LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY 2-2 ELECTRICAL WORKER QUALIFICATIONS 2-3 SAFETY MEETINGS 2-4 WORK SITE SAFETY 2-5 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS/JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS 2-6 SAFETY COMPLIANCE CHAPT 3 PRE-SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT 3-1 WORK LOCATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 3-1.1 Working Near Energized Circuits 3-1.2 Work Location 3-2 PUBLIC SAFETY 3-2.1 Warning Devices 3-2.2 Flagmen 3-2.3 Excavations 3-3 NUMBER OF WORKERS REQUIRED 3-4 VERIFYING SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT PROVISIONS CHAPT 4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-2 INSPECTION OF APPAREL, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT 4-3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE APPAREL 4-3.1 Applicable Documents 4-3.2 General Clothing Considerations 4-4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR ARC FLASH PROTECTION 4-5 AIR FORCE PPE REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINE WORK AT 69 KV (NOMINAL) OR LESS 4-6 CLOTHING PROHIBITIONS 4-7 SKIN PROTECTION 4-8 POLE/TREE CLIMBING AND FALL PROTECTION 4-8.1 Personal Protective Equipment 4-8.2 Climbing Personal Protective Equipment 4-8.3 Fall Protection Personal Protective Equipment CHAPT 5 WORK AREA PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS 5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-2 RUBBER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 5-3 ELEVATED WORK 5-4 LIVE-LINE (HOT-LINE) TOOLS 5-5 ELECTRICAL TESTING DEVICES 5-5.1 Electrical Testing Device Calibration 5-5.2 Voltage Detectors 5-5.3 Phasing Testers 5-5.4 Line Fault Locators 5-5.5 Insulator Testers 5-5.6 Leakage-Current Monitors 5-5.7 Combustible Gas/Oxygen Detectors CHAPT 6 ENERGY CONTROL (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT) 6-1 SAFE CLEARANCE AND LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURES 6-2 ENERGY CONTROL (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT) 6-2.1 Low-Voltage Levels (600 Volts and Below) 6-2.2 High-Voltage Levels (>600 Volts to 69,000 Volts) 6-.3 INSPECTIONS AND TRAINING CHAPT 7 DEENERGIZED LINE GROUNDING 7-1 TEMPORARY GROUNDING 7-1.1 Testing 7-1.2 Installation Criteria 7-1.3 Temporary Grounding System Components 7-1.4 Equipotential Zone 7-1.5 Ground Connection and Electrodes 7-2 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF SUBSTATION CURRENT-CARRYING EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS 7-3 AERIAL LIFT TRUCK VEHICLE GROUNDING 7-4 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF UNDERGROUND LINES 7-5 OPENING OR SPLICING DEENERGIZED CONDUCTORS 7-6 GROUNDING FOR STRINGING AND REMOVING LINES 7-7 TEMPORARY GROUNDING OF AERIAL LINES CHAPT 8 ENERGIZED LINE WORK 8-1 WORK ON ENERGIZED CIRCUITS 8-2 ENERGIZED WORK RULES 8-2.1 Permitted Work 8-2.2 Personal Protective Equipment 8-2.3 Statement of Qualifications 8-2.4 Work Methods for Voltage Levels 8-2.5 Pre-Work Procedures 8-2.6 General Job-in-Progress Procedures CHAPTR 9 SUBSTATIONS AND SWITCHGEAR 9-1 SUBSTATION WORK 9-1.1 Purpose of Substation 9-1.2 Diagrams and Schematics 9-1.3 Engineering Guidance 9-1.4 System Operation 9-1.5 Abnormal Conditions 9-1.6 Defective Equipment 9-2 SWITCHING 9-2.1 Air Switches 9-2.2 Oil Switches 9-2.3 SF Switches 9-2.4 Oil-Filled Vacuum Switches 9-3 FUSES 9-3.1 Characteristics 9-3.2 Fuse Handling 9-3.3 Operation of Energized Fuses 9-3.4 Open Fuse Holder 9-3.5 Closed-Position Fuse Locking 9-3.6 Bypassing 9-4 ENERGY STORING PROTECTIVE DEVICES 9-4.1 Electrical Charge 9-4.2 Surge Arresters 9-4.3 Choke Coils 9-4.4 Capacitors 9-4.5 Coupling Capacitors 9-5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 9-5.1 Potential (Voltage) Transformers (PT) 9-5.2 Current Transformers (CT) 9-6 POWER TRANSFORMERS AND REGULATORS 9-6.1 Transformers (Power and Distribution) 9-6.2 Voltage Regulators 9-7 METALCLAD SWITCHGEAR 9-8 STATIONARY BATTERIES 9-8.1 Basis for Safety Requirements 9-8.2 Protective Equipment 9-8.3 Safety Precautions 9-9 INSULATING OIL HANDLING OPERATIONS CHAPT 10 AERIAL LINES 10-1 AERIAL LINE WORK 10-2 POLE HANDLING OPERATIONS 10-2.1 General 10-2.2 Pole Contact Precautions 10-2.3 Receiving Pole Shipment 10-2.4 Ground Handling 10-2.5 Long Term Pole Storage 10-2.6 Temporary Pole Storage 10-2.7 Hauling Poles 10-3 POLE INSTALLATION, REPLACEMENT, AND REMOVAL 10-4 CLIMBING AND WORKING ON POLES 10-4.1 General Rules 10-4.2 Pole Inspection Before Climbing 10-5 POLE CLIMBING EQUIPMENT 10-5.1 General Rules 10-5.2 Wooden Pole Climbing Equipment 10-5.3 Concrete and Steel Pole Climbing 10-6 POLE CLIMBING AND WORK PRECAUTIONS 10-7 CROSSING STRUCTURES 10-8 STRINGING OR REMOVING DEENERGIZED CONDUCTORS AND OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES 10-9 ENERGIZED WORK 10-10 STREET LIGHTING 10-10.1 Voltage Level 10-10.2 Clearance Requirements 10-10.3 Multiple Street Lighting Circuits 10-10.4 Series Street Lighting Circuits 10-10.5 Climbing Space 10-10.6 Time Switches 10-11 WORKING ON OR NEAR POLE-MOUNTED EQUIPMENT 10-11.1 Surge Arresters 10-11.2 Switches and Fuses 10-11.3 Capacitors 10-11.4 Power Transformers and Voltage Regulators 10-12 AERIAL ROPE 10-12.1 Conductivity 10-12.2 Terminology of Rope Use 10-12.3 Knots and Splices 10-12.4 Handline and Rope Line Precautions 10-12.5 Tackle Blocks 10-13 TOOLS 10-14 AERIAL LIFTS AND INSULATED BUCKETS 10-15 TREE TRIMMING AND BRUSH REMOVAL CHAPT 11 UNDERGROUND LINES 11-1 UNDERGROUND WORK 11-2 GENERAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 11-3 CABLE PULLING 11-4 BURIED ELECTRICAL CABLES 11-5 DAMAGE TO EXISTING UTILITY LINES 11-6 PREPARING TO WORK UNDERGROUND 11-6.1 General Atmosphere Control Precautions Before Entry 11-6.2 Atmosphere Testing Before Entering Underground Structures 11-6.3 Atmospheric Test Equipment 11-6.4 Stray Electrical Voltage Testing 11-6.5 Pumping a Manhole 11-6.6 Removal of Duct Plugs 11-6.7 Emergency Entrance 11-6.8 Ventilation of Underground Structures 11-7 WORK INSIDE UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES CHAPT 12 LOW-VOLTAGE INTERIOR SYSTEMS 12-1 WORKING ON INDOOR EQUIPMENT 12-1.1 Restricted Space 12-1.2 Grounding Systems 12-1.3 Disconnection of Power Sources 12-1.4 Related Building Systems 12-2 LOW-VOLTAGE SYSTEMS 12-2.1 Overview 12-2.2 Battery Room Hazards 12-2.3 Fire Alarm Systems 12-2.4 Solid-State Equipment 12-2.5 Low-Voltage Work Precautions 12-3 ROTATING MACHINERY 12-3.1 Hazards of Rotating Machinery 12-3.2 Motors and Generators CHAPT 13 SHORE-TO-SHIP ELECTRICAL POWER CONNECTIONS 13-1 CONNECT/DISCONNECT RESPONSIBILITIES 13-2 SHIP’S MAIN ELECTRICAL SERVICE COMPONENTS 13-2.1 Shore High-Voltage Distribution System 13-2.2 Pier Substations 13-2.3 Ship-to-Shore Pier Electrical Outlet Assemblies 13-2.4 Ship-to-Shore Power Cables and Connectors 13-3 SHIP’S ELECTRICAL SERVICE COMPONENT RELATIONS 13-4 UNUSUAL SHORE-TO-SHIP SYSTEM HAZARDS 13-4.1 Split Personnel Responsibilities 13-4.2 Portable Power Cable and Outlet Safety Assurance 13-4.3 Electrical Equipment Accessibility and Working Space 13-4.4 Ship’s Electrical Power Input Safety 13-4.5 Parallel Operation 13-5 SUPPORTING SHORE-TO-SHIP SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 13-5.1 Specialized Shore-to-Ship System Training 13-5.2 Specific SOPs 13-6 PORTABLE SHORE POWER CABLES AND RECEPTACLES 13-6.1 Low-Voltage Terminations and Protective Circuit Breakers 13-6.2 High-Voltage (4,160 Volt and 15 kV) Terminations and Protective Circuit Breakers 13-7 SHIP CONNECTION PROCEDURES BEFORE SHIP DOCKS 13-8 SHORE-TO-SHIP POWER CABLE RIGGING AFTER SHIP DOCKS 13-9 SHIP’S TRANSFER TO SHORE POWER CHAPT 14 ELECTRICAL WORKER RESCUE 14-1 RESCUE TRAINING 14-2 POLE-TOP RESCUE 14-3 RESCUE FROM A MANHOLE 14-3 RESCUE FROM AN AERIAL LIFT (BUCKET TRUCK) 14-5 ELECTRICAL SHOCK