Wood Protection

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
1.2 SCOPE
1.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE
2. WOOD AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
2.1 VISIBLE CHARACTERISTICS
2.1.1 Softwoods And Hardwoods
2.1.1.1 Commercial Species Groups
2.1.1.2 Other Groupings
2.1.2 Growth Increments
2.1.2.1 Texture
2.1.2.2 Earlywood and Latewood
2.1.2.3 “Pores”
2.1.3 Grain (Planes Or Surfaces)
2.1.4 Sapwood And Heartwood
2.2 MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
2.2.1 Cell Types
2.2.1.1 Softwoods
2.2.1.2 Hardwoods
2.2.1.3 Pits
2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
2.3.1 Cellulose
2.3.2 Hemicellulose
2.3.3 Lignin
2.3.4 Ash
2.3.5 Extractives
2.3.6 Natural Durability
2.4 PHYSICALPROPERTIES
2.4.1 Density And Specific Gravity
2.4.2 Permeability
2.4.3 Moisture Content
2.4.3.1 Green Wood
2.4.3.2 Fiber Saturation Point
2.4.3.3 Bound Water
2.4.3.4 Equilibrium Moisture Content
2.4.3.5 Shrinking and Swelling
2.4.4 Wood Drying Process
2.4.5 Weathering
2.5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
2.6 STRENGTH AFFECTING CHARACTERISTICS
2.6.1 Abnormal Wood
2.6.1.1 Juvenile Wood
2.6.1.2 Reaction Wood
2.6.1.3 Spiral Grain
2.6.1.4 Knots
2.6.2 Anatomical Disruptions

3. WOOD IDENTIFICATION
3.1 SPECIES SEPARATION
3.2 SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS DETAILED
3.2.1 Softwoods
3.2.1.1 Douglas-fir
3.2.1.2 Western Hemlock
3.2.1.3 White Fir
3.2.1.4 Southern Yellow Pine
3.2.1.5 Miscellaneous Yellow Pines
3.2.2 Hardwoods
3.2.2.1 Red Oak
3.2.2.2 White Oak
3.2.2.3 Sweetgum
3.2.2.4 Black Gum or Black Tupelo
3.2.2.5 Water Tupelo, Tupelo Gum or Swamp Tupelo
3.2.2.6 Mixed Hardwood Species

4. WOOD DETERIORATION
4.1 BACTERIA
4.2 FUNGI
4.2.1 Mold
4.2.2 Sapstains
4.2.3 Wood Decay
4.3 INSECTS
4.3.1 Subterranean Termites
4.3.2 Drywood Termites
4.3.3 Dampwood Termites
4.3.4 Carpenter Ants
4.3.5 Powder Post and Other Wood Boring Beetles
4.3.6 Carpenter Bees
4.4 MARINE BORERS
4.4.1 Mollusca
4.4.2 Crustacea

5. PRESERVATION OF NEW WOOD PRODUCTS TO PREVENT DECAY AND INSECT ATTACK
5.1 NEED FOR PRESERVATIVES
5.2 SUPERFICIAL TREATMENTS
5.2.1 Treatment Quality
5.2.2 Non Pressure Methods Of Application
5.2.2.1 Brush
5.2.2.2 Spray
5.2.2.3 Dip
5.2.2.4 Vacuum
5.3 IN-DEPTH TREATMENTS
5.3.1 Treatment Quality
5.3.2 Pre-treatment Processing
5.3.3 Treating Methods
5.3.4 Preservative Chemicals
5.3.5 Standards
5.4 CARE AND HANDLING OF TREATED WOOD
5.4.1 Exposure Of Untreated Wood
5.4.2 Handling And Storage
5.5 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS