1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Deterioration of Facilities
1.3.1 Corrosion of Metals
1.3.2 Deterioration of Wood
1.3.3 Deterioration of Concrete
1.3.4 Design Factors Affecting Deterioration
1.4 Control of Facilities Deterioration
1.4.1 Corrosion Control by Coatings
1.5 Painting for Purposes Other Than Protection
Section 2 COATING COMPOSITIONS AND CURING MECHANISMS
2.1 Coating Composition
2.1.1 Solvent
2.1.2 Resin
2.1.3 Pigment
2.1.4 Other Components
2.1.5 Spreading Rate
2.2 Mechanisms of Curing of Coatings
2.2.1 Air Oxidation of Drying Oils
2.2.2 Solvent of Water Evaporation
2.2.3 Chemical Reaction
2.3 Properties of Different Generic Types of Coatings
2.3.1 Alkyds and Other Oil-Containing Coatings
2.3.2 Water Emulsion (Latex) Coatings
2.3.3 Lacquers
2.3.4 Epoxy Coatings
2.3.5 Coal-Tar Epoxy Coatings
2.3.6 Polyurethane Coatings
2.3.7 Polyester Coating
2.3.8 Inorganic Zinc Coatings
2.3.9 Zinc-Rich Organic Coatings
2.4 Coating Compatibility
2.4.1 Bleeding
2.4.2 Disbonding of Old Paint
2.4.3 Topcoat Checking
2.4.4 Poor Adhesion of Latex Topcoats to Enamels
2.4.5 Oil-Based Paints Applied to Alkaline Surfaces
Section 3 ENVIRONMENTAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND SAFETY ISSU
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material Composition Issues
3.2.1 VOC Restrictions
3.2.2 Application Issues
3.2.3 Toxic Solvents
3.2.4 Hazardous Air Pollutants
3.2.5 Binders - Polyurethanes, Coal Tars, Asphalts
3.2.6 Heavy Metal-Containing Pigments and Additives
3.3 Issues Affecting Surface Preparation
3.4 Surfaces Coated With Leaded Paint
3.4.1 Background
3.4.2 Definitions
3.4.3 DOD Policy/Instruction
3.4.4 General Description of Lead-Based Paint Procedures
3.4.5 Waste Disposal
3.4.6 Demolition of Buildings Containing Lead-Based Paint
3.4.7 Sources of Detailed Information
Section 4 SELECTION OF COATINGS
4.1 Available Guidance
4.2 Selection Criteria
4.2.1 Desired Film Properties
4.2.2 Work Requirements or Limitations
4.2.3 Safety and Environmental Restrictions
4.2.4 Compatibilities
4.2.5 Costs
4.3 Specifications for Lead- and Chromate-Free Coatings With VOC Limits
4.4 Recommendations for Different Substrates
4.4.1 Recommendations for Wood
4.4.2 Recommendations for Concrete and Masonry Surfaces
4.4.3 Recommendations for Steel
4.4.4 Recommendations for Galvanized Steel
4.4.5 Recommendations for Aluminum
Section 5 COATING SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC USES
5.1 General
5.2 Painting New Construction
5.3 Fuel Storage Tanks
5.4 Steel Water Tanks
5.5 Other Steel Tanks
5.6 Steel Distribution Lines
5.7 Communication Towers and Other Tall Structures
5.8 Waterfront Structures
5.9 Hydraulic Structures and Appurtenant Works
5.10 Factory Finished Metal Siding
5.11 Chain Link Fences
5.12 Hot Steel Surfaces
5.13 Concrete Fuel Tanks
5.14 Concrete Swimming Pools
5.15 Concrete Catchment Basins
5.16 Chemically Resistant Finishes for Concrete Floors
5.17 Slip-Resistant Floors
5.18 Fouling-Resistant Coatings
5.19 Mildew-Resistant Coatings
5.20 Pavement Markings
5.21 Wooden Floors
Section 6 SURFACE PREPARATION
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Repair of Surfaces
6.3 Recommendations By Substrate
6.4 Standards for Condition of Substrates
6.5 Standards for Cleanliness of Substrates
6.5.3 Previously Coated Surfaces
6.6 Recommendations for Paint Removal
6.7 Methods of Surface Preparation
6.7.1 Abrasive Blasting
6.7.2 Acid Cleaning
6.7.3 Chemical Removal of Paint
6.7.4 Detergent Washing
6.7.5 Hand Tool Cleaning
6.7.6 Heat
6.7.7 Organic Solvent Washing
6.7.8 Power Tool Cleaning
6.7.9 Steam Cleaning
6.7.10 Water Blast Cleaning
Section 7 APPLICATION
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Paint Storage Prior to Application
7.3 Preparing Paint for Application
7.3.1 Mixing
7.3.2 Thinning
7.3.3 Tinting
7.3.4 Straining
7.4 Weather Conditions Affecting Application of Paints
7.5 Methods of Application
7.5.1 Selection of Application Method
7.5.2 Brush Application
7.5.3 Roller Application
7.5.4 Spray Application
Section 8 PREPARATION OF A PAINTING CONTRACT SPECIFICATION
8.1 General
8.2 Background
8.3 The CSI Format
8.4 Language to be Used in Specification
8.5 Construction Criteria Base
Section 9 INSPECTION OF PAINTING OPERATIONS
9.1 Scope of Section
9.2 Importance of Inspection
9.3 Contractor Quality Control Inspection
9.4 Duties of an Inspector
9.5 Inspection Equipment
9.6 Inspection Steps
Section 10 FIELD INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Illuminated Microscope
10.3 Instruments for Use with Abrasive Blasting
10.3.1 Gage for Determining Nozzle Pressure
10.3.2 Wedge for Determining Diameter of Nozzle Orifice
10.3.3 Surface Contamination Detection Kit
10.3.4 Profile of Blasted Steel
10.3.5 Thermometers
10.3.6 Psychrometers
10.3.7 Wind Meter
10.3.8 Moisture Meter
10.3.9 Wet Film Gage
10.3.10 Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Aluminum, Copper, and Stainless Steel
10.3.11 Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Steel
10.3.12 Destructive (Nonmagnetic Dry Film Thickness Gage)
10.3.13 Holiday Detector
10.3.14 Adhesion Tester
10.3.15 Portable Glossmeter
10.3.16 Hardness Tester
Section 11 ANALYSIS OF PAINT FAILURES
11.1 Definition
11.2 Documentation of Findings
11.3 Scope of Failure Analysis
11.3.1 Review of Specification for Coating Work
11.3.2 Review of Supplier’s Data
11.3.3 Review of Inspector’s Daily Reports
11.3.4 On-Site Inspection
11.3.5 On-Site Inspection Techniques
11.3.6 Laboratory Testing
11.3.7 Forming Conclusions and Preparing Reports
11.4 Expert System for Failure Analysis
11.4.1 Cosmetic Defects
11.4.2 Film Failures
11.4.3 Examples of Using Decision Trees
Section 12 PROGRAMMING MAINTENANCE PAINTING
12.1 Definitions of Programmed Painting and Maintenance Painting
12.2 Components of Programmed Painting
12.2.1 Initial Design
12.2.2 Plan for Monitoring Conditions of Structures and Their Protective Coatings
12.2.3 Types of Maintenance Painting
12.2.4 Plan for Maintenance Painting
12.2.5 Scheduling the Work
Section 13 GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES DURING PAINTING OPERATIONS
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Standard Operation and Safety Plans
13.3 Hazard Communication
13.4 Toxicity Hazards
13.4.1 Entrance of Toxic Materials Into Body
13.4.2 Types of Toxic Materials
13.5 Respiratory Hazards
13.6 Hazards in Different Painting Operations
13.6.1 Surface Preparation
13.6.2 Painting Operations
13.6.3 Work in High, Confined, and Remote Places
13.6.4 Remote Areas
13.7 Personal Protective Equipment
13.8 Safety Program
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