Handbook of mechanical science

MODUL 1 DIESEL ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS

DIESEL ENGINES
Introduction
History
Diesel Engines
Major Components of a Diesel Engine
Diesel Engine Support Systems
Exhaust System
Operational Terminology
Summary
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE DIESEL CYCLE
The Basic Diesel Cycles
The Four-Stoke Cycle
The Two-Stroke Cycle
Summary
DIESEL ENGINE SPEED, FUEL CONTROLS,
AND PROTECTION
Engine Control
Fuel Injectors
Governor
Operation of a Governor
Starting Circuits
Engine Protection
Summary

MODUL 2 HEAT EXCHANGERS

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Introduction
Types of Heat Exchanger Construction
Types of Heat Exchangers
Comparison of the Types of Heat Exchangers
Summary
HEAT EXCHANGER APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Preheater
Radiator
Air Conditioner Evaporator and Condenser
Large Steam System Condensers
Summary

MODUL 3 PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Introduction
Diffuser
Impeller Classification
Centrifugal Pump Classification by Flow
Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pump Components
Summary
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OPERATION
Introduction
Cavitation
Net Positive Suction Head
Preventing Cavitation
Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curves
Centrifugal Pump Protection
Gas Binding
Priming Centrifugal Pumps
Summary
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Introduction
Principle of Operation
Reciprocating Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Diaphragm Pumps
Positive Displacement Pump Characteristic Curves
Positive Displacement Pump Protection
Summary

MODUL 4 VALVES

VALVE FUNCTIONS AND BASIC PARTS
Introduction
Valve Body
Valve Bonnet
Valve Trim
Valve Actuator
Valve Packing
Introduction to the Types of Valves
Summary
TYPES OF VALVES
Gate Valves
Gate Valve Disk Design
Gate Valve Stem Design
Gate Valve Seat Design
Globe Valves
Globe Valve Body Designs
Globe Valve Disks
Globe Valve Disk and Stem Connections
Globe Valve Seats .
Globe Valve Direction of Flow
Ball Valves
Ball Valve Stem Design
Ball Valve Bonnet Design
Ball Valve Position
Plug Valves
Plug Ports
Multiport Plug Valves
Plug Valve Disks
Lubricated Plug Valve Design
Nonlubricated Plugs
Manually Operated Plug Valve Installation
Plug Valve Glands
Diaphragm Valves
Diaphragm Construction
Diaphragm Valve Stem Assemblies
Diaphragm Valve Bonnet Assemblies
Reducing Valves
Pinch Valves
Pinch Valve Bodies
Butterfly Valves
Butterfly Valve Seat Construction
Butterfly Valve Body Construction
Butterfly Valve Disk and Stem Assemblies
Needle Valves
Needle Valve Applications
Needle Valve Body Designs
Check Valves
Swing Check Valves
Tilting Disk Check Valves
Lift Check Valves
Piston Check Valves
Butterfly Check Valves
Stop Check Valves
Relief And Safety Valves
Pilot-Operated Relief Valves
Summary
VALVE ACTUATORS
Introduction
Manual, Fixed, and Hammer Actuators
Electric Motor Actuators
Pneumatic Actuators
Hydraulic Actuators
Self-Actuated Valves
Solenoid Actuated Valves
Speed of Power Actuators
Valve Position Indication
Summary

MODUL 6 MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL COMPONENTS

AIR COMPRESSORS
Introduction
Reciprocating Compressors
Rotary Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors
Compressor Coolers
Hazards of Compressed Air
Summary
HYDRAULICS
Introduction
Pressure and Force
Hydraulic Operation
Hazards
Summary
BOILERS
Introduction
Boilers
Fuel Boiler Components
Summary
COOLING TOWERS
Purpose
Induced Draft Cooling Towers
Forced Draft Cooling Towers
Natural Convection Cooling Towers
Summary
DEMINERALIZERS
Purpose of Demineralizers
Demineralizers
Single-Bed Demineralizers
Single-Bed Regeneration
Mixed-Bed Demineralizer
Mixed-Bed Regeneration
External Regeneration
Summary
PRESSURIZERS
Introduction
General Description
Dynamic Pressurizers
Construction
Operation
Summary
STEAM TRAPS
General Operation
Ball Float Steam Trap
Bucket Steam Trap
Thermostatic Steam Traps
Bellows-Type Steam Trap
Impulse Steam Trap
Orifice-Type Steam Trap
Summary
FILTERS AND STRAINERS
Introduction
Cartridge Filters
Precoat Filters
Backwashing Precoat Filters
Deep-Bed Filters
Metal-Edge Filters
Strainers
Backwashing
Summary

part 1

part 2